36Cl has seen use in other areas of the geological sciences, including dating ice and sediments. Thus, as an event marker of 1950s water in soil and ground water, 36Cl is also useful for dating waters less than 50 years before the present. The residence time of 36Cl in the atmosphere is about 1 week. Additionally, large amounts of 36Cl were produced by irradiation of seawater during atmospheric detonations of nuclear weapons between 19. The half-life of this hydrophilic nonreactive isotope makes it suitable for geologic dating in the range of 60,000 to 1 million years. 36Cl decays to 36 S and to 36 Ar, with a combined half-life of 308,000 years. In the subsurface environment, 36Cl is generated primarily as a result of neutron capture by 35Cl or muon capture by 40 Ca. 36Cl is produced in the atmosphere by spallation of 36 Ar by interactions with cosmic ray protons. Trace amounts of radioactive 36Cl exist in the environment, in a ratio of about 7x10 −13 to 1 with stable isotopes. There are two principal stable isotopes, 35Cl (75.77%) and 37Cl (24.23%), giving chlorine atoms in bulk an apparent atomic weight of 35.4527 g/mol. As the chloride ion, Cl −, it is also the most abundant dissolved ion in ocean water.Ĭhlorine has isotopes with mass numbers ranging from 32 to 40. This element is a member of the salt-forming halogen series and is extracted from chlorides through oxidation often by electrolysis. At 10 ° C and atmospheric pressure, one liter of water dissolves 3.10 L of gaseous chlorine, and at 30☌, 1 L of water dissolves only 1.77 liters of chlorine. Pure chlorine gas does, however, support combustion of organic compounds such as hydrocarbons, although the carbon component tends to burn incompletely, with much of it remaining as soot. Chlorine, though very reactive, is not as extremely reactive as fluorine. Compounds with oxygen, nitrogen, and xenon are known but do not form by direct reaction of the elements. It combines readily with all elements except O 2 and N 2 and the noble gases. It is not advisable to store chlorine in this manner.Ĭhlorine gas is diatomic, with the formula Cl 2. 4.1 Production of industrial and consumer productsĬharacteristics Chlorine gas in a transparent plastic container.In the upper atmosphere, chlorine-containing molecules have been implicated in the destruction of the ozone layer. As a common disinfectant, chlorine compounds are used in swimming pools to keep them clean and sanitary. Chlorine is a powerful oxidant and is used in bleaching and disinfectants. It has a disagreeable, suffocating odor that is detectable in concentrations as low as 3.5 ppm and is poisonous. In its common elemental form (Cl 2 or "dichlorine") under standard conditions, it is a pale green gas about 2.5 times as dense as air. As the chloride ion, which is part of common salt and other compounds, it is abundant in nature and necessary to most forms of life, including humans. It is a halogen, found in the periodic table in group VII (formerly VIIa or VIIb). Template:Infobox chlorine Chlorine ( Template:IPAEng, from the Greek word 'χλωρóς' (khlôros) meaning 'green'), is the chemical element with atomic number 17 and symbol Cl.
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